Meru tower
Meru tower dibahas sebagai elemen arsitektur Indonesia dalam artikel sumber. Lokasi yang tercatat: Tradisi arsitektur Indonesia. Uraian terpilih mencakup bahan bangunan, atap atau kubah, tiang atau struktur penyangga serta riwayat yang dipertahankan dalam bahasa Inggris.
- Jenis objek
- Elemen
- Fungsi
- Keagamaan (kategori penelusuran)
- Masa tercatat
- Belum diringkas dari riwayat sumber
- Kondisi dan status
- Kondisi mutakhir belum dinilai
Identitas dan tapak
Meru tower dicatat dalam lingkup Indonesia. Lokasi yang dinyatakan sumber: Tradisi arsitektur Indonesia. Lokasi Indonesia didukung pernyataan negara pada identitas Wikidata yang dicocokkan dengan artikel sumber.
- Nama utama
- Meru tower
- Lokasi
- Tradisi arsitektur Indonesia · Bangunan di Indonesia
- Nama lain dalam sumber
- Q2194811; EN52388330
- Klasifikasi sumber
- keagamaan · nomor EN52388330
- Dasar kondisi
- Tidak dilakukan survei fisik. Uraian dan kategori artikel tidak otomatis menjadi penetapan warisan atau bukti kondisi saat ini.
Ruang dan fungsi
Profil ini membahas elemen arsitektur. Kategori fungsi untuk penelusuran: keagamaan. Penggunaan ruang dan perubahannya dapat dibaca dalam teks sumber terpilih. Kategori ini tidak memastikan fungsi operasional saat ini.
Membaca arsitektur
Uraian sumber mencakup bahan bangunan, atap atau kubah, tiang atau struktur penyangga. Baca rincian bentuk dan ruang bersama keterangan fase dalam artikel sumber. Unsur-unsur itu dapat berasal dari masa yang berbeda. Teks terpilih tersedia di bawah untuk menelusuri dasar informasinya.
Deskripsi fisik dalam sumber
Teks dari Arsitektur Indonesia · Wikipedia · bahasa Inggris
Pembuka
A Meru tower, or pelinggih meru, is the principal shrine of a Balinese temple. It is a wooden, pagoda-like structure with a masonry base, a wooden chamber, and multi-tiered thatched roofs. The height of Meru towers represents the Hindu Mount Meru. Meru towers are usually dedicated to either the highest gods of the Hindu pantheon, the local pantheon, or a deified person.
The Meru tower is the equivalent of the shikhara (north India) or vimana (South India) in Indian Hindu temple architecture. The Hindu tempels on the Indonesian island Java also had shikharas, but in the 14th century a transition started towards multi-tiered thatched roofs. The main temple of the Candi Panataran, the state temple complex of the kingdom of Majapahit, had a pagoda-like thatched structure, just as some other sanctuaries built both in Java and Bali in this period. Bali was part of Majapahit at the time. Many shikharas in Java collapsed because of the frequent earthquakes hitting this island. It was easier to restore a meru than a stone shikhara.
Description
Meru towers consist of a masonry base of about a meter height. Above this platform is a wooden chamber raised on stilts. The wooden chamber is surmounted by a series of fiber thatched roofs of diminishing size. The multi-tiered meru towers usually uses ijuk, which is black aren fibers as thatched roof material. Various sacred objects were buried or placed in parts of the meru.
A Meru tower is identified with the Mount Meru of Hindu mythology, the abode of the Hindu gods. They are always positioned in the innermost sanctum (jero) of a Balinese temple. Individual meru tower is dedicated to a specific Hindu gods, a deified ancestor, or to a local deity of a particular location (Sthana Devata) or high geographical features usually a local mountain. The meru would serve as the "temporary palace" for the gods, which is based on a Balinese idea that a god would take a temporary palace in the meru during certain ceremony.
The multi-tiered thatched roofs is the most recognizable feature of the meru towers. The number of roofs is always odd and reflects the status of the deity to whom the shrine is dedicated. The lowest meru contains three tiers, while the most prestigious meru contains 11 tiers.
A three-tiered meru tower is usually dedicated to a deified ancestor. The central shrine of the Pura Luhur Uluwatu is a three-tiered meru tower dedicated to 12th-century reformer priest Dang Hyang Nirartha (later deified as Betara Sakti Wawu Rauh). The low-tiered meru towers of Pura Taman Ayun are dedicated to the old kings of the Kingdom of Mengwi. Other three-tiered meru is dedicated for the local god of Gunung Lebak, Bhatara Danu.
A five-tiered meru tower is dedicated to the god of Mount Agung, Bhatara Mahajaya.
An eleven-tiered meru towers is usually dedicated to the highest gods of the Hindu pantheon. The eleven-tiered meru of Pura Ulun Danu Bratan is dedicated to Shiva and his consort Parvati. The Pura Meru of Lombok contains three meru towers dedicated to the Trimurti.
Pihak dan peran
Perancang dan pelaksana belum diringkas dalam tabel ini. Nama dan perannya mungkin disebut dalam uraian sumber; baca sesuai konteksnya.
Atribusi berlaku pada fase yang disebut. Pemesan, perancang, pelaksana, dan pembangun mempunyai peran berbeda.
Riwayat perubahan
Riwayat dalam arsip sumber
Teks dari Arsitektur Indonesia · Wikipedia · bahasa Inggris
Construction
The construction of a meru requires a special construction rite. Three pripihs must be properly placed in a meru: at the peak of the roof, in the wooden main chamber, and beneath the base. Objects were in various places of the meru to enable a meru to become a proper receptacle for gods to enter the meru tower.
The most important objects to be prepared in a meru is the pripih. A pripih serves as a receptacle for the god's intrinsic essence. It is prepared in a meru so that a god can lodge himself into the meru. A pripih is basically a thin plate made of five pieces of metal (pancadatu, of iron, copper, gold, silver and lead) on which cabalistic symbols (rajahan) have been inscribed. A pripih would then be wrapped up in alang-alang grass, flowers, herbs, and cotton cloth, all tied together by a red, white, and black string (tridatu string). The pripih is essentially more important than a statue representing the god physical form (upami), and for this reason a pripih is much more usual than an image of a god in a meru. The pripih is fixed to a base made of small coins and placed in either a cucupu (a box made from gold, silver, or a stone) or a sangku (an earthenware vessel). This container will be placed in the meru's wooden chamber or buried in its base. If the pripih is properly placed, the temple will be safe from destruction.
Also in the wooden chamber, various objects representing miniature furnishings (paměrah) necessary for the daily requirements of a god are prepared.
Another pripih is placed on the top of the meru. Where the rafters of the uppermost roof meet, there is a vertical column with a cavity (pĕtaka meaning flag) into which is placed a small box containing nine precious stones (navaratna). The central precious stone represents the god Shiva, while 8 precious stones surrounding represent the eight gods of the heavenly direction.
Excavations in Java reveal similar ritual practices were employed in the construction of the great Hindu-Buddhist temples of Indonesia's classical era.
Belum tersedia informasi bersumber untuk bagian ini.
Ukuran dan sistem
Keterangan bahan dan sistem mengikuti uraian sumber terpilih. Ukuran, nama perancang, tahun pembangunan, dan klaim kinerja yang belum diperiksa silang tidak dimasukkan sebagai data tersendiri.
Ukuran belum diringkas dalam tabel ini. Baca angka pada uraian sumber bersama definisi, fase, dan lingkupnya.
Dokumentasi dan sumber
Edisi sumber dan hak penggunaan
Kontributor Wikipedia bahasa Inggris — Meru tower. Revisi 1347152907. Markup, tabel, daftar, media, catatan kaki, kutipan panjang, dan bagian nonnaratif dihilangkan. Templat format/bahasa dan angka-satuan sederhana dipertahankan sebagai nilai literal sumber, templat lain dihilangkan; urutan paragraf sumber dipertahankan. Seleksi dan ringkasan merupakan adaptasi independen berlisensi CC BY-SA 4.0.
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 ↗
Ringkasan berbahasa Indonesia disusun dari nama, lokasi, kategori, dan istilah arsitektur pada catatan sumber. Teks sumber berbahasa Inggris mengikuti ketentuan penggunaan yang tercantum di atas. Penelaahan ahli independen belum tercatat.
Riwayat penulis dan kontributor sumber ↗ · revisi 1347152907. Teks yang diadaptasi pada profil ini mengikuti CC BY-SA 4.0. Kategori sumber bukan penetapan cagar budaya.
Lingkup identitas: Artikel sumber mengidentifikasi Meru tower sebagai elemen arsitektur yang dinyatakan judul sumber. Profil membahas konsep arsitektur dan variasinya dalam konteks Indonesia; bukan satu bangunan contoh atau klaim asal yang eksklusif.
Status sumber: Artikel ensiklopedia kolaboratif; bukan rekaman penetapan pemerintah · Klasifikasi sumber: Kategori artikel; bukan rating bangunan. Tanggal penetapan bukan tanggal konstruksi.
Tanggal atau versi data sumber: 2026-04-05T01:00:47Z.
- Adaptasi ensiklopedia kolaboratif; penelaahan ahli independen belum tercatat. Rujukan eksternal dalam artikel bukan sumber yang dinyatakan telah dibaca oleh Arsitektur.
- Pemilihan paragraf dan pengelompokan bagian mempertahankan teks sumber; markup, templat, tabel, media, dan bagian nonnaratif dihilangkan. Teks serta adaptasinya mengikuti CC BY-SA 4.0.
Dasar informasi
- Wikipedia bahasa Inggris · Meru tower · revisi 1347152907 ↗Kontributor Wikipedia · diakses pada 2026-10-15 · dokumen 2026-04-05T01:00:47Z
Disusun oleh Arsitektur. Penelaahan ahli independen tidak diklaim.
Perubahan isi: 2026-10-17. Tanggal ini tidak menyatakan survei fisik, tanggal dokumen, atau penelaahan independen.