Surau
Surau dibahas sebagai tipologi arsitektur Indonesia dalam artikel sumber. Lokasi yang tercatat: Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Uraian terpilih mencakup bahan bangunan, susunan ruang, atap atau kubah serta riwayat yang dipertahankan dalam bahasa Inggris.
- Jenis objek
- Tipologi
- Fungsi
- Keagamaan (kategori penelusuran)
- Masa tercatat
- Belum diringkas dari riwayat sumber
- Kondisi dan status
- Sisa atau kondisi historis menurut sumber
Identitas dan tapak
Surau dicatat dalam lingkup Indonesia. Lokasi yang dinyatakan sumber: Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Konteks Indonesia didukung keterangan wilayah atau kategori sumber, serta uraian arsitektur yang diperiksa; tidak menyatakan asal tradisi yang eksklusif.
- Nama utama
- Surau
- Lokasi
- Sumatera Barat, Indonesia · Bangunan di Indonesia
- Nama lain dalam sumber
- Q15051389; EN25646895
- Klasifikasi sumber
- keagamaan · nomor EN25646895
- Dasar kondisi
- Uraian sumber memuat sisa atau kehilangan bagian arsitektur. Profil tidak menyatakan bangunan utuh atau kondisi hasil survei mutakhir.
Ruang dan fungsi
Profil ini membahas tipologi arsitektur. Kategori fungsi untuk penelusuran: keagamaan. Penggunaan ruang dan perubahannya dapat dibaca dalam teks sumber terpilih. Kategori ini tidak memastikan fungsi operasional saat ini.
Membaca arsitektur
Uraian sumber mencakup bahan bangunan, susunan ruang, atap atau kubah. Baca rincian bentuk dan ruang bersama keterangan fase dalam artikel sumber. Unsur-unsur itu dapat berasal dari masa yang berbeda. Teks terpilih tersedia di bawah untuk menelusuri dasar informasinya.
Deskripsi fisik dalam sumber
Teks dari Arsitektur Indonesia · Wikipedia · bahasa Inggris
Pembuka
A surau (Jawi: سوراو) is an Islamic assembly building, originating in West Sumatra and later becoming common and institutionalised in Malaysia, and found throughout Singapore and Thailand. Adapted from pre-Islamic assembly buildings, surau serve a similar purpose as a mosque and are used for the prayers as well as religious classes and as a local public space. A typical surau is located in a village or town and is built either in an architectural style native to the locality or in typical Islamic style.
In contemporary times, the word surau is also synonymous with musalla and refers to prayer rooms in public facilities.
Malaysia
Surau are institutionalised and therefore common in Malaysia, with a presence mainly in towns and villages, but still common and widespread within cities as subclasses to mosques.
They are popular amongst Muslims, who use them to perform iʿtikāf. As in West Sumatra, "surau" can also be synonymous with musalla within the context of public facilities.
In 2024, Malaysia introduced the concept of "mobile surau", consisting of converted buses that provide increased access to prayer spaces during occasions where typical surau are not available.
Singapore
Surau have been present in Singapore since colonial times. Surau Al-Firdaus, located in Kampong Lorong Buangkok, the last surviving kampung in the country, remains active and is used daily. A surau is also present within the grounds of the Singapore General Hospital.
With the advance of urbanisation, surau have either been demolished or turned into mosques. The latter category includes Masjid Wak Tanjong, Masjid Kampong Delta, and Masjid Hajjah Rahimabi Kebun Limau. A ruined surau stands at the entrance of the Keramat Bukit Kasita cemetery and is now used as a residence for the volunteer caretaker. However, conversion into a mosque does not always prevent surau from being demolished, as was the case with Masjid Kampong Holland.
Thailand
Surau are common in Pattani province of Thailand, due to it being a former Malay kingdom. One such place is Surau Aur, which is built from wood and resembles a small Buddhist temple. It is considered the oldest existing Islamic institution in Thailand.
Architectural style
Typical surau in West Sumatra are built in the Minangkabau style of Rumah Gadang. A common feature is their peaked, multi-tiered pyramidal roof, which are adapted from Buddhist and Hindu temples. The roofs were made of fiber or wood until the 1950s, when zinc was introduced.
Pihak dan peran
Perancang dan pelaksana belum diringkas dalam tabel ini. Nama dan perannya mungkin disebut dalam uraian sumber; baca sesuai konteksnya.
Atribusi berlaku pada fase yang disebut. Pemesan, perancang, pelaksana, dan pembangun mempunyai peran berbeda.
Riwayat perubahan
Riwayat dalam arsip sumber
Teks dari Arsitektur Indonesia · Wikipedia · bahasa Inggris
History
Surau originated in West Sumatra amongst the Minangkabau people around 1356 as a place of worship for Hindus and Buddhists, both of which were majority religions at the time. Amongst the Batak people, the term "surau" was used to describe a wooden house that was used for ancestor worship, similar to a miniature temple. When the Islamic religion spread to West Sumatra, surau became a place for Muslims to perform their five daily prayers, akin to a mosque. Surau eventually spread to the Malay Peninsula. They also became known as places for exclusively male education, a trait that faded after the introduction of modern schools.
During the Padri Wars of the 19th century, the reformist Padris, who were influenced by the Wahhabis of Najd, condemned the building of surau as places of idolatry and even burned many of them. This was mainly due to the fact that many surau were Sufi institutions. These events, along with the introduction of secular schools by the Dutch colonial government in 1870 and opposition from Muslim modernists led to the decline of surau in Indonesia.
In Indonesian contemporary times, surau became synonymous with musalla and were used to describe prayer rooms in shopping malls, petrol stations, hospitals, and schools. There has been a revival of surau usage among the Minangkabau.
Belum tersedia informasi bersumber untuk bagian ini.
Ukuran dan sistem
Keterangan bahan dan sistem mengikuti uraian sumber terpilih. Ukuran, nama perancang, tahun pembangunan, dan klaim kinerja yang belum diperiksa silang tidak dimasukkan sebagai data tersendiri.
Ukuran belum diringkas dalam tabel ini. Baca angka pada uraian sumber bersama definisi, fase, dan lingkupnya.
Dokumentasi dan sumber
Edisi sumber dan hak penggunaan
Kontributor Wikipedia bahasa Inggris — Surau. Revisi 1364783768. Markup, tabel, daftar, media, catatan kaki, kutipan panjang, dan bagian nonnaratif dihilangkan. Templat format/bahasa dan angka-satuan sederhana dipertahankan sebagai nilai literal sumber, templat lain dihilangkan; urutan paragraf sumber dipertahankan. Seleksi dan ringkasan merupakan adaptasi independen berlisensi CC BY-SA 4.0.
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 ↗
Ringkasan berbahasa Indonesia disusun dari nama, lokasi, kategori, dan istilah arsitektur pada catatan sumber. Teks sumber berbahasa Inggris mengikuti ketentuan penggunaan yang tercantum di atas. Penelaahan ahli independen belum tercatat.
Riwayat penulis dan kontributor sumber ↗ · revisi 1364783768. Teks yang diadaptasi pada profil ini mengikuti CC BY-SA 4.0. Kategori sumber bukan penetapan cagar budaya.
Lingkup identitas: Artikel sumber mengidentifikasi Surau sebagai bentuk atau tipologi arsitektur. Profil membahas konsep arsitektur dan variasinya dalam konteks Indonesia; bukan satu bangunan contoh atau klaim asal yang eksklusif.
Status sumber: Artikel ensiklopedia kolaboratif; bukan rekaman penetapan pemerintah · Klasifikasi sumber: Kategori artikel; bukan rating bangunan. Tanggal penetapan bukan tanggal konstruksi.
Tanggal atau versi data sumber: 2026-07-18T14:30:07Z.
- Adaptasi ensiklopedia kolaboratif; penelaahan ahli independen belum tercatat. Rujukan eksternal dalam artikel bukan sumber yang dinyatakan telah dibaca oleh Arsitektur.
- Pemilihan paragraf dan pengelompokan bagian mempertahankan teks sumber; markup, templat, tabel, media, dan bagian nonnaratif dihilangkan. Teks serta adaptasinya mengikuti CC BY-SA 4.0.
Dasar informasi
- Wikipedia bahasa Inggris · Surau · revisi 1364783768 ↗Kontributor Wikipedia · diakses pada 2026-10-15 · dokumen 2026-07-18T14:30:07Z
Disusun oleh Arsitektur. Penelaahan ahli independen tidak diklaim.
Perubahan isi: 2026-10-17. Tanggal ini tidak menyatakan survei fisik, tanggal dokumen, atau penelaahan independen.